??? ???? ??? ??????

?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ????????. ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????. ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????. ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????????. ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????.

???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ??????.

??? ????? ??? ????? ?????

?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? 100 ???? ????? (212 ????????). ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????.

????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????. ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? (PV = NRT)? ??? P ?? ?????? ?V ?? ?????? ?T ?? ???? ???????? ?n ?? ???? ?????? ?R ????? ???? ??? ?????. ???? ?? ?? R ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? (T) ?????? (P).

???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????. ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ????.

??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????. ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????????. ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????.

?? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? "??????"? ???? ????? 30 ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? 250 ???? ???????? (121 ???? ?????)? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????.

????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????: ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? 15 ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? 15 ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? 15 ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? 30 ??? ??? ???? ?????.

?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??????. ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????.

????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????

?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????. ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? 12.2 ??? ??? ???? ????? (psi).

???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????. ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? 5280 ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? 27.2 ????? ??? ???? ????? (12.2 ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? 244.8 ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????).

??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????. ????? ????? ????? 5% ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? 1000 ??? ?? 2000 ???. ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????.

??????? ?????? ?????: ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????

??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???????. ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ????? 12 ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? 15 ??? ??? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????.

???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????. ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? 15 ????? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????. ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? "?????? ???????".

????? ??? ??????

????? ????? ?????: ???? ??? ?????

??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??: ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????.

● ??????? ???????: ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????????. ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????????. ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????.

● ??????? ??????: ??? ??????? ????. ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ????. ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????.

● ??????? ?????? ??????: ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????. ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????. ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????. ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????.

??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? Zheneng ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????. ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????!